实现 strStr()

28. 找出字符串中第一个匹配项的下标

写法

class Solution {
    /**
     * 基于窗口滑动的算法
     * <p>
     * 时间复杂度：O(m*n)
     * 空间复杂度：O(1)
     * 注：n为haystack的长度，m为needle的长度
     */
    public int strStr(String haystack, String needle) {
        int m = needle.length();
        // 当 needle 是空字符串时我们应当返回 0
        if (m == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        int n = haystack.length();
        if (n < m) {
            return -1;
        }
        int i = 0;
        int j = 0;
        while (i < n - m + 1) {
            // 找到首字母相等
            while (i < n && haystack.charAt(i) != needle.charAt(j)) {
                i++;
            }
            if (i == n) {// 没有首字母相等的
                return -1;
            }
            // 遍历后续字符，判断是否相等
            i++;
            j++;
            while (i < n && j < m && haystack.charAt(i) == needle.charAt(j)) {
                i++;
                j++;
            }
            if (j == m) {// 找到
                return i - j;
            } else {// 未找到
                i -= j - 1;
                j = 0;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }
}

// 方法一
class Solution {
    public void getNext(int[] next, String s){
        int j = -1;
        next[0] = j;
        for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++){
            while(j >= 0 && s.charAt(i) != s.charAt(j+1)){
                j=next[j];
            }

            if(s.charAt(i) == s.charAt(j+1)){
                j++;
            }
            next[i] = j;
        }
    }
    public int strStr(String haystack, String needle) {
        if(needle.length()==0){
            return 0;
        }

        int[] next = new int[needle.length()];
        getNext(next, needle);
        int j = -1;
        for(int i = 0; i < haystack.length(); i++){
            while(j>=0 && haystack.charAt(i) != needle.charAt(j+1)){
                j = next[j];
            }
            if(haystack.charAt(i) == needle.charAt(j+1)){
                j++;
            }
            if(j == needle.length()-1){
                return (i-needle.length()+1);
            }
        }

        return -1;
    }
}

class Solution {
    //前缀表（不减一）Java实现
    public int strStr(String haystack, String needle) {
        if (needle.length() == 0) return 0;
        int[] next = new int[needle.length()];
        getNext(next, needle);

        int j = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < haystack.length(); i++) {
            while (j > 0 && needle.charAt(j) != haystack.charAt(i)) 
                j = next[j - 1];
            if (needle.charAt(j) == haystack.charAt(i)) 
                j++;
            if (j == needle.length()) 
                return i - needle.length() + 1;
        }
        return -1;

    }
    
    private void getNext(int[] next, String s) {
        int j = 0;
        next[0] = 0;
        for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++) {
            while (j > 0 && s.charAt(j) != s.charAt(i)) 
                j = next[j - 1];
            if (s.charAt(j) == s.charAt(i)) 
                j++;
            next[i] = j; 
        }
    }
}